Which of the following is a potential long-term outcome of untreated tibial fractures?

The long-term outcome of untreated tibial fractures can lead to significant complications, one of which is long-term ankle arthritis. When a tibial fracture is not properly treated, it may not heal correctly, leading to malalignment or instability of the ankle joint. This can result in abnormal loading patterns during weight-bearing activities, which puts excessive stress on the ankle joint.

As the joint faces continual stress due to improper healing, cartilage deterioration can occur, leading to degenerative changes over time, commonly known as osteoarthritis. This condition is characterized by joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion, which can significantly impact the quality of life and mobility of the individual.

In contrast, improved knee flexion, increased physical activity, and enhanced range of motion are not likely outcomes of untreated tibial fractures. These outcomes usually depend on proper healing and rehabilitation. Such fractures often result in mobility restrictions and complications that hinder overall joint function rather than enhancing it.