Which nerve innervates the rhomboids and levator scapulae?

The rhomboids and the levator scapulae are primarily innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve. This nerve originates from the brachial plexus, specifically from the root of C5. It plays a critical role in providing motor innervation to these muscles, which are involved in retracting and elevating the scapula, thus contributing to shoulder and upper back function.

The function of the rhomboids includes the retraction of the scapula, while the levator scapulae assists in elevating the scapula and also plays a role in neck movement. Proper innervation by the dorsal scapular nerve is essential for the coordinated actions of these muscles.

In contrast, the other nerves listed have different functions and muscle targets. The thoracodorsal nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi, the long thoracic nerve supplies the serratus anterior, and the suprascapular nerve primarily innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. Therefore, selecting the dorsal scapular nerve as the correct answer emphasizes its specific function in innervating the rhomboids and levator scapulae, which is crucial for shoulder girdle stability and movement.