What types of movements do the metatarsophalangeal joints allow?

The metatarsophalangeal joints, located between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal phalanges of the toes, allow for a combination of movements that are critical for functional mobility. These joints permit flexion and extension of the toes, which is essential for activities such as walking, running, and maintaining balance. Additionally, the metatarsophalangeal joints support abduction and adduction movements, enabling the toes to spread apart and come together. This range of motion is particularly important for maintaining stability on uneven surfaces and for proper foot mechanics during various activities.

Flexion brings the toes downward toward the plantar surface of the foot, while extension raises them upward. Abduction and adduction occur in the horizontal plane, with abduction moving the toes away from the midline and adduction pulling them closer together. This versatile movement capability is crucial for the intricate biomechanics of the foot during dynamic tasks.

Other options presented pertain to different joints and movements: inversion and eversion relate to the movements of the ankle; dorsiflexion and plantar flexion specifically describe the movements at the ankle joint; rotation primarily pertains to joints capable of such movement like the hip. These movements do not accurately represent the functional