What is the first joint structure affected by degenerative joint disease?

In degenerative joint disease, also known as osteoarthritis, articular cartilage is commonly the first joint structure to be affected. This cartilage serves as a smooth, lubricated surface for joint movement and acts to absorb shock. Over time, due to wear and tear or other precipitating factors, the integrity of the articular cartilage begins to degrade.

As the disease progresses, the breakdown of this cartilage leads to increased friction between the articulating bones, pain, and reduced range of motion. The impact on the articular cartilage can manifest as thinning, roughening, or complete erosion in severe cases.

Other structures such as the meniscus, synovial membrane, and capsular ligaments may experience changes as the disease advances, but the initial and most significant damage is typically seen in the articular cartilage itself. This involvement of articular cartilage is a fundamental aspect of the pathology of osteoarthritis and highlights its critical role in joint health.