What is club foot primarily characterized by?

Club foot, known medically as congenital talipes equinovarus, is primarily characterized by the internal rotation of the foot at the ankle. In this condition, the affected foot is typically turned inward and downward, resulting in a deformity where the heel points upwards and the forefoot turns inwards. This position gives the foot a rigid appearance, and it is often associated with plantarflexion and adduction of the foot.

The internal rotation is a key feature that distinguishes club foot from other foot deformities, as it significantly impacts the alignment and function of the foot and ankle. Early intervention, typically including stretching, bracing, or surgical intervention, is necessary to correct or accommodate this deformity for proper function and mobility.

The other options do not accurately describe the primary characteristics of club foot: external rotation would indicate a different form of malalignment, flatfoot with hyperextension is unrelated to the condition, and high arch rigidity does not match the typical presentation of club foot. Understanding these distinctions is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning in orthotics and prosthetics.