What condition is characterized by congenital osteoporosis and fractures occurring before and during birth?

Osteogenesis Imperfecta is the correct condition characterized by congenital osteoporosis and the occurrence of fractures both before and during birth. It is a genetic disorder primarily caused by abnormalities in collagen production, which leads to fragile bones that are prone to breaks with minimal or no trauma.

The condition manifests at birth, with some infants showing signs of fractures that may have occurred prenatally. The severity of osteogenesis imperfecta can vary widely, with some individuals facing numerous fractures throughout their lives while others experience milder forms. This condition not only affects bone density but may also be associated with other features like blue sclera, dental issues, and hearing loss.

In contrast, arthrogryposis refers to joint contractures that occur during fetal development, which is not directly related to bone fragility or fractures. Spina bifida is a neural tube defect affecting spinal cord development, while clubfoot is a congenital deformity of the foot. These other conditions do not involve the same skeletal fragility or fracture risk that is hallmark in osteogenesis imperfecta.