Which function involves stabilization of the head of the humerus during arm movements?

The supraspinatus muscle plays a crucial role in stabilizing the head of the humerus during arm movements. It is one of the rotator cuff muscles and is primarily responsible for initiating abduction of the arm, particularly during the first 15 degrees of the movement. In addition to its function in muscle contraction for movement, the supraspinatus helps maintain the position of the humeral head within the glenoid cavity of the scapula. This stabilization is vital for proper shoulder mechanics and helps prevent dislocation during dynamic activities involving the upper limb.

While other muscles mentioned, such as the teres major, infraspinatus, and latissimus dorsi, have important roles in shoulder motion and stability, they do not specifically initiate or provide the same level of stabilization for the humerus during abduction as the supraspinatus does.