What is the appropriate pin placement for the anterior pins of a HALO?

The appropriate pin placement for the anterior pins of a HALO is in the lateral one-third of the eyebrow, slightly superior to the eyebrow. This placement is critical for several reasons.

First, positioning the pins in this location helps to maintain the stability and immobilization necessary for cervical spine injuries. The lateral one-third of the eyebrow provides a favorable anatomical landmark that allows for secure anchoring while minimizing the risk of potential injury to neurovascular structures or the superficial nerves of the face.

Additionally, placing the pins slightly superior to the eyebrow helps avoid the structures that are located in the eyebrow region, such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands, which can lead to complications like infection or irritation. Another advantage of this positioning is that it aligns well with the contour of the skull, which aids in the effective distribution of force from the HALO device.

In contrast, other options do not provide the same anatomical safety and effectiveness. Placing pins below the eyebrow or at the center of the forehead does not allow for optimal stabilization of the head while also posing a greater risk for injury to critical facial structures. Similarly, positioning the pins above the superior temporal line near the hairline could compromise the fixation needed for proper immobilization. Thus, the lateral one-third of the